From: Ann Launay
I'm guessing this isn't good:
From: someone
Started Unicast Maintenance Ranging - No Response received - T3 time-out
DHCP WARNING - Non-critical field invalid in response.
No Ranging Response received - T3 time-out
Unicast Ranging Received Abort Response - Re- initializing MAC
Started Unicast Maintenance Ranging - No Response received - T3 time-out
SYNC Timing Synchronization failure - Failed to acquire QAM/QPSK symbol timing
SYNC Timing Synchronization failure - Failed to acquire FEC framing
No Maintenance Broadcasts for Ranging opportunities received - T2 time-out
A bunch of them claim to be from 1970, too. Lucky me!

Your cable modem like mine uses the unix time format for storing time. When the modem powers up (or reboots), the time is set to zero... which happens to be January 1, 1970. When it connects to the DHCP server it updates it's time, but first it has to negotiate a connection with the network.
The DHCP Warning is not a big deal, thats probably the log-server entry was excluded from the DHCP config message. I see that one all the time in my log.
Those other entries are a bad sign. Those messages are saying that critical steps in negotiating a connection to the network have failed. Does your modem have a page with signal and power level information?
What you should expect the cable guy to do:
* Check the power levels and frequencies available. There is a special handheld device they can screw into the line that will give them readouts.
* Check cable splitters you are using. Old ones can be not up to code or can go bad.
* Check cable grounding thingy, (no idea what the name is, just what it does) it may not be up to code. Most free standing building have them outside or where the cable comes into the building.
* Check external (outside the house) male and female cable ends to make sure they are sufficiently weather proof.
What you can do:
* Call the cable company, tell them your problem, then ask them how many other people on your node of the network are experiencing problems, ask them if they are located to the same street or building complex (then go door to door and find out which neighbors they are and have them call your cable company too). For comcast an outage is declared when 10% of customers can't connect. The cable company isn't stupid, just cheep.
Now I'm not an expert on this, there are some Cable Internet forums out there the specialize on the different ISPs, you will really be better suited getting on one of them.
Try:
http://www.dslreports.com/forum/comcastCould also try the official comcast forums. if you are using comcast that is.
@Oryx: If it was comcast you were dealing with, their diagnostic program is crap.