The problem for me occurred after a HARD lock-up (even the MOUSE didn't move), requiring me to press the reset button on my system.
I'm on:
Operating System: Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2
Processor: AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 3600+, MMX, 3DNow (2 CPUs), ~1.9GHz
Memory: 2048MB RAM
Video Card: ATI Radeon X1950 Pro with Catalyst Control Center 8.6 drivers (up to date)
Some notable lines from the SecondLife.log file:
2008-06-27T09:24:46Z WARNING: LLWinDebug:

2008-06-27T09:24:46Z WARNING: LLAppViewerWin32::initHardwareTest: Someone took over my exception handler (post hardware probe)!
2008-06-27T09:24:46Z WARNING: LLWinDebug:

2008-06-27T09:24:46Z WARNING: LLViewerWindow::LLViewerWindow: Someone took over my exception handler (post createWindow)!
(since it dies as the window maximizes itself, a setting I had before the lockup, I'm assuming there's something else not getting removed that I need to deal with, and these are relevant)
I've tried:
- Uninstalling
- Manual Cache Clear (does that EVER fix any damned crash bugs? May as well tell me to stick my thumb up my ass for all the good it ever does)
- Letting Windows run CHKDSK after the reboot
- Cleaning out some residual registry entries after Uninstallation
SL is the ONLY program that is causing me grief, but if I can't get it to run, I may well have to wipe the OS and reinstall everything.
Also, it's ANY version of SL: official client OR release candidate. Same exact problem.