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Use of real-world trademark - suspended three days

bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 17:52
Date: Sunday, March 5, 2006
Violation: Terms of Service: Trademark Violation
Region: Sandbox Island
Description: Use of a real-world trademark.
Action taken: Suspended 3 days.

This is the first time I have seen this level of enforcement. I wonder how consistant they will be about this sort of thing. A 3-day suspension seems a bit harsh. I feel that a formal warning would suffice. Does anyone know of any other instances of LL enforcing trademark rights?
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Adam Zaius
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03-11-2006 18:00
Trademarks arnt copyright.

Copyright has certain protections for hosts under the DMCA, that is, the host of the content isnt liable if they follow the procedure.

Trademarks on the other hand, dont have any protections for the host, and since they have to be proactively enforced for a trademark to be valid (that is, if a company doesnt defend their trademarks, they can lose them.)

So, in short - LL is doing what they need to, to avoid being sued. Chances are, this was a repeat offender, or someone who refused to take trademarks off their products.
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 18:16
From: Adam Zaius
So, in short - LL is doing what they need to, to avoid being sued. Chances are, this was a repeat offender, or someone who refused to take trademarks off their products.

I thought so too. It seemed a harsh punishment to dole out to someone that had not been warned.
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SuezanneC Baskerville
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03-11-2006 18:25
From: bladyblue Bommerang
I thought so too. It seemed a harsh punishment to dole out to someone that had not been warned.
How does one know the malefactor has not been warned?
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 18:28
From: SuezanneC Baskerville
How does one know the malefactor has not been warned?

I don't recall ever seeing anything about trademarks in the police blotter. But this may be a old-timer offender.
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SuezanneC Baskerville
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03-11-2006 18:50
From: bladyblue Bommerang
I don't recall ever seeing anything about trademarks in the police blotter. But this may be a old-timer offender.
Prior warnings would not need to be about the same offense.

In the absence of any evidence of a person's rap sheet there isn't much to say about the propriety of the severity of punishment relative to the magnitude of offense.

There might be different degrees of offense. If someone sells a T-Shirt with a Playboy bunny symbol on it that might not be as blatent as creating a Playboy club with waitresses in bunny outfits and copies of the magazine covers, etc, on it.

The blotter doesn't give enough info to make good judgements about the equity of a decison based solely on the blotters contents.
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 19:08
From: SuezanneC Baskerville
The blotter doesn't give enough info to make good judgements about the equity of a decison based solely on the blotters contents.

Well then, I shall search for LL's written rule about using trademarks. If anyone finds it first please post a link here. Thanks.
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Lordfly Digeridoo
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03-11-2006 19:15
From: bladyblue Bommerang
Well then, I shall search for LL's written rule about using trademarks. If anyone finds it first please post a link here. Thanks.


I think the rule is "if it isn't your trademark, don't use it."

That's a pretty common-sense rule.
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 19:39
I think it is too. But I'd like to see it.
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SuezanneC Baskerville
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03-11-2006 19:41
If you go to the forum advanced search and put in "trademark" as the search term and "Robin Linden" as the name of the poster, at the top of the advanced search page, and at the bottom (sigh) select display as post, you will get some good links on the topic.
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 20:35
Thanks Suezanne. here are the results of that;

From: someone
(original quote by Robin Linden)Our goal is to be as consistent as possible in carrying out our policies. With respect to trademarks, we will ask creators to remove them (unless they are the trademark holder) or we will remove them if necessary. I've reminded the liaisons of this policy, and we'll do our best to make sure it's implemented evenly


Also

From: someone
Copyright violation
If someone feels their idea or creation has been copied by someone else they are free, under the DMCA rules, to petition LL to remove the copy while they pursue legal action. The someone in this case can be a RL corporation or a SL resident. This process is spelled out in our Terms of Service (paragraph 12).


And from the TOS;
From: someone
12. DMCA INFORMATION.

Our policy is to respond to notices of alleged infringement that comply with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA";). Copyright infringing materials found within the world of Second Life can be identified and removed via Linden Lab's DMCA compliance process listed at http://www.secondlife.com/corporate/dmca.php, and you agree to comply with such process in the event you are involved in any claim of copyright infringement to which the DMCA may be applicable.


So no mention of suspension as a punishment for copyright infringement - even for repeat offenders. Robin is quoted as stating that Linden Labs wants to be as consistant as possible in carrying out policies. So I guess I should post this question in the Second Life Answers. Perhaps the documented policy of removing the un-authorized item has changed. A three day suspension seems excessive and, to my knowledge, unprecedented.
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Barrister Kennedy
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03-11-2006 20:52
From: SuezanneC Baskerville
Prior warnings would not need to be about the same offense.

In the absence of any evidence of a person's rap sheet there isn't much to say about the propriety of the severity of punishment relative to the magnitude of offense.

There might be different degrees of offense. If someone sells a T-Shirt with a Playboy bunny symbol on it that might not be as blatent as creating a Playboy club with waitresses in bunny outfits and copies of the magazine covers, etc, on it.

The blotter doesn't give enough info to make good judgements about the equity of a decison based solely on the blotters contents.



Actually, even the Playboy T-shirt could bring the PEI folks down on LL, PEI is very vicious when it comes to defending its marks.
SuezanneC Baskerville
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03-11-2006 20:59
From: someone
So no mention of suspension as a punishment for copyright infringement - even for repeat offenders.


Anything at all can be punished by suspension, there aren't specific penalties for specific crimes. If I pushgun someone one time, I will most likely get a warning. If I do it a repeatedly , and get ARed, I should expect to get an increasing level of disciplinary response as the number of my infractions grow. If I then decide to switch to different rule to break, the penalities don't need to start over from a warning. One might say I am expected to grasp the general concept that I am a place that I don't own and that I am bound by the owner's rules, the owner being Linden Research.

The TOS has this to say on this matter
From: someone

5.1 Participant Conduct. In addition to abiding at all times by the Community Standards, you agree that you shall not: (i) take any action or upload, post, e-mail or otherwise transmit Content that infringes or violates any third party rights; (ii) impersonate any person or entity, including, but not limited to, a Linden employee, or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent your affiliation with a person or entity;

and

From: someone
you are solely responsible for understanding all copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property or other laws that may apply to your Content


I think Lordfly expressed it pretty clearly as far as the level of understanding of law needed to stay out of trouble here goes; if it's not yours, don't use it.
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Lordfly Digeridoo
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03-11-2006 21:44
From: bladyblue Bommerang
Thanks Suezanne. here are the results of that;


So, a perfectly valid chain of events.

1) Person uploads trademarked image/product.
2) They are reported or otherwise seen by prying Linden eyes as a trademark infringement.
3) They are told to remove it. They refuse.
4) The Lindens remove the trademarked items and warn the resident.
5) The resident re-uploads the trademarked items.
6) The trademarked items are removed again and the resident is suspended.
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 21:54
All of the scenarios posted so far suggest that LL would not suspend someone on a first offense when it comes to using trademarks. So we all agree that a three day suspesion for JUST using a trademark in SL seems to be excessive.
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Adam Zaius
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03-11-2006 21:55
From: bladyblue Bommerang
All of the scenarios posted so far suggest that LL would not suspend someone on a first offense when it comes to using trademarks. So we all agree that a three day suspesion for JUST using a trademark in SL seems to be excessive.


Pretty much. I've never heard of LL suspending someone over a first offence. (Lots of people upload realworld trademarks. In every case, I've just seen LL ask the person to remove it)
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03-11-2006 22:05
From: bladyblue Bommerang
All of the scenarios posted so far suggest that LL would not suspend someone on a first offense when it comes to using trademarks. So we all agree that a three day suspesion for JUST using a trademark in SL seems to be excessive.


How do you know it was a first time offense?
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bladyblue Bommerang
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03-11-2006 22:40
I don't know. I'm going to ask the lindens. There are Playboy Bunny poofers, Sports trademarks and retail store trademarks all over SL. I am even guilty of using the White Castle fast-food logo for months last year (on T-shirts and as a texture for my search listing) with no repercussions. Is LL going to 'consistantly' enforce this or is this another instance of 'yard sale' selective policing and punishment?
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Neehai Zapata
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03-12-2006 01:43
From: bladyblue Bommerang
All of the scenarios posted so far suggest that LL would not suspend someone on a first offense when it comes to using trademarks. So we all agree that a three day suspesion for JUST using a trademark in SL seems to be excessive.

People who knowingly break the law deserve to b punished. This is not excessive.
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Moopf Murray
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03-12-2006 02:03
You know, there's a certain avatar maker in Second Life who's whole business seems to be ripping off copyright and trademarks. Yet this person also makes avatars for projects the Lindens are involved in. I wonder if there's any connection between that and no action having been taken against this maker *shrug*
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Cory Edo
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03-12-2006 02:13
From: bladyblue Bommerang

Is LL going to 'consistantly' enforce this or is this another instance of 'yard sale' selective policing and punishment?


This is the notecard I was given by a Linden regarding trademark infringement:

From: someone

In Second Life, we all encourage creators to use their imagination to create content. Some create things that are inspired by real life objects, like cars or jewelry. Now that Second Life is getting larger and residents are exercising their intellectual property (IP) rights, usage of copyrighted/trademarked material has become more of an issue in Second Life.

In general, the use of tradmarked/copyrighted material is frowned upon in Second Life, unless of course you own the rights to the material. To better understand your intellectual property rights, visit the Second Life website and look up our information regarding TOS and DMCA information (http://secondlife.com/corporate/dmca.php). Keep in mind that the Digital Millenium Copyright Act is a federal law and companies/entities can take actual legal action against a SL resident directly. Linden Lab is merely obligated to "cease & desist", meaning we will warn a resident and take the appropriate action, pending on the nature of the violation. Here are some general guidelines:

TRADEMARKED MATERIAL

All Lindens are required to remove all content utlizing trademarked materials, with or without notice. This includes all RL corporate logos and name brands. Understand that certain objects to look like a RL item is not the same and utilizing trademarked names or logos. So one can create a car in SL, make it look like a Mercedes Benz SL, but cannot use the name "Mercedes Benz SL" in it's description or textures, nor can one use their trademarked emblems or logos. The mere shape of the car that was created is NOT trademarked (but making shapes to replicate actual trademarked logos is NOT acceptable). Use of designer logos like those of Gucci, Nike, Louis Vuiton...etc. are also not acceptable. Any resident may file an abuse report if they see any other resident violating trademarked material usage on in-world content in SL.

US Patent & Trademark Homepage: http://www.uspto.gov/index.html

***Use the Search tool under Trademarks on the left navigation when you go to US Patent & Trademark Homepage.
- Use the "New User Form Search (Basic)"
- Under View Search History, select "Plural & Singular " & "Live" radio bottons
- Enter the name of the business in question (ie. Nike)
- Press "Submit Query"

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

Using copyrighted materials, like trademarked materials, is also discouraged. Lindens will not remove copyrighted material upon seeing the items in-world unless the owner of the copyrighted material notifies Linden Lab per the DMCA protocols noted on our website. If the material is proved to be copyrighted, Linden Lab can and will remove the violating materials in-world and the concerned residents will be notified.

Repeated violations by a resident can result in one's account being placed on probation or permanently banned.

Bottomline, we encourage all our residents to be as original as possible when creating their content. If you want to exercise your IP rights, it's a conflict of interest if you're utilizing materials (textures in particular) that you don't own the rights to. You CAN create parodies, like instead of "Gucci purses", you can make "PUCCI" purses...but it would be best that you use your own branding and design your own logos. So help us protect your rights by also respecting the rights of the rightful owners of copyrighted/trademarked materials =)

Other sites of interest:
http://www.hasbro.com/home/copyright.html

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I would imagine if you see instances of trademark violation, you should AR it. Given the fact that they can't be everywhere at once, I doubt that any current examples of trademark infringement inworld are a result of "selective policing and punishment".
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Ironraptor Albion
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03-12-2006 08:03
I find it interesting they give the same length of punishment time to trademark violations as griefing in a sandbox.
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Csven Concord
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03-12-2006 08:14
Interesting.

From: someone
The mere shape of the car that was created is NOT trademarked (but making shapes to replicate actual trademarked logos is NOT acceptable).
Tell that to Coca-Cola. The bottle's SHAPE is trademarked. There are other examples of SHAPES being trademarked. I thought they had lawyers helping them with this stuff. Did a lawyer write that notecard?

Reference (Link):
From: someone
This "bottle-shaped concept" was patented in Alexander Samuelson’s name on November 16, 1915. The bottle was one of the first glass containers to be patented solely on its distinctive shape. When it expired, a successor patent was issued to the Root Company in 1923 and under this license the company received a 5 cents per gross royalty until 1937 when Coca-Cola acquired the rights.

More reference (Link ):
From: someone
Finally, in an effort to safeguard the contour bottle design indefinitely, The Coca-Cola Company requested that the US Patent Office grant a trademark on the bottle. The Company argued that the bottle had become so well known that it had taken on trademark status. On April 12, 1960, the trademark was granted, indefinitely, protecting the unique design.

More reference (Link ):
From: someone
Under some circumstances, trademark protection can extend beyond words, symbols, and phrases to include other aspects of a product, such as its color or its packaging. For example, the pink color of Owens-Corning fiberglass insulation or the unique shape of a Coca-Cola bottle might serve as identifying features. Such features fall generally under the term "trade dress," and may be protected if consumers associate that feature with a particular manufacturer rather than the product in general.

Some here might recall that in an older thread I pointed out that a uniquely-shaped car like the VW Bug might be trademarked. The obvious difficulty here is that the tools in SL are probably insufficient for shape alone to violate any trademark VW might have. However, mapping ripped photographic textures of the real vehicle on a close facsimile might be enough to start a legal conversation. Beyond SL, there are issues of game engines that can use simple, non-infringing shapes enhanced using techniques like displacement mapping which gives - after processing - the appearance of the actual object. I suspect that in the end the word "shape" will give way to "the appearance of shape".

I'd be interested in hearing a Linden explain the apparent inaccuracies in their notecard.
bladyblue Bommerang
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03-12-2006 09:18
From: Neehai Zapata
People who knowingly break the law deserve to b punished. This is not excessive.

But then we should see a minimum of 50 3-day suspensions for this offense in the Police Blotter, not just one rare occurence. The people that use real-world trademarks in SL aren't doing so in hiding. It's all out there for all to see. These 'perps' are easy to locate and punish. This goes back to Robin's 'consistant policy' statement. Is the policy a 3-day suspension on first offense and is this going to be enforced 'consistantly'? From observing the yard sale policy changes and Linden action - I can't say I belive that LL will be consistant in this area either.
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Noh Rinkitink
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03-12-2006 10:49
Unlike copyrights, one has to specifically file for a trademark to register it, trademarks aren't automatic with creation. The VW Beetle may have a unique shape, but it's not, AFAIK, trademarked.

As for the party mentioned at the start of this thread, without evidence that this was the offender's first time (and, really, I don't see any reason for LL to specifically say so; many organizations have policies that they don't discuss disciplinary measures with unrelated third parties, nor do I really see it being the business of others who aren't involved). The insistence on "first time offender" without supporting evidence sounds supiciously like [excrement]-stirring to me, though I'll grant you that in general I'm a skeptical cynic. :p
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